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Daniel Johnston

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For other people named Daniel Johnston, see Daniel Johnston (disambiguation).

Daniel Johnston
Johnston performing in 2012
Johnston performing in 2012
Background information
Birth nameDaniel Dale Johnston
Born(1961-01-22)January 22, 1961[1]
Sacramento, California, U.S.
OriginNew Cumberland, West Virginia, U.S.
Diedc. September 11, 2019(2019-09-11) (aged 58)
Waller, Texas, U.S.
Genres
Occupations
  • Musician
  • singer-songwriter
  • visual artist
Instruments
Years active1978–2019
Labels
Websitehihowareyou.com

Daniel Dale Johnston (January 22, 1961 – c. September 11, 2019) was an American singer, musician and artist regarded as a significant figure in outsider, lo-fi, and alternative music scenes.[2][3] Most of his work consisted of cassettes recorded alone in his home,[6] and his music was frequently cited for its "pure" and "childlike" qualities.[7]

Johnston spent extended periods in psychiatric institutions[6] and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder.[8][2] He garnered a local following in the 1980s by passing out tapes of his music while working at a McDonald's in Dobie Center in Austin, Texas.[9][10] His cult status was propelled when Nirvana's Kurt Cobain was seen wearing a T-shirt that featured the artpiece "Jeremiah the Innocent"[11] from Johnston's 1983 cassette album Hi, How Are You.[6]

Johnston also created visual art, and his illustrations were exhibited at galleries around the world. His struggles with mental illness were the subject of the 2005 documentary The Devil and Daniel Johnston. He died in 2019 of a suspected heart attack.[12]

Early life

[edit]

Johnston was born in Sacramento, California, and grew up in New Cumberland, West Virginia.[13] He was the youngest of five children of William Dale "Bill" Johnston (1922–2017) and Mabel Ruth Voyles Johnston (1923–2010). He began recording music in the late 1970s on a $59 Sanyo monaural boombox, singing and playing piano as well as the chord organ.[13]

Following graduation from Oak Glen High School, Johnston spent a few weeks at Abilene Christian University in West Texas before dropping out. He later attended the art program at Kent State University, East Liverpool, during which he recorded Songs of Pain and More Songs of Pain.[14]

Career

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1980s–1990s

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In 1984, Johnston took a job at McDonald's and passed out tapes in the store.[9] When Johnston moved to Austin, Texas, he began to attract the attention of the local press and gained a following augmented in numbers by his habit of handing out tapes to people he met.[15] Live performances were well-attended and hotly anticipated.[16]

His local standing led to him being featured in a 1985 episode of the MTV program The Cutting Edge featuring performers from Austin's "New Sincerity" music scene.[17]

In 1988, Johnston visited New York City and recorded 1990 with producer Mark Kramer[18] at his Noise New York studio.[13] It was Johnston's first experience in a professional recording environment after a decade of releasing home-made cassette recordings. His mental health further deteriorated during the making of 1990.[19] In 1989, he released the album It's Spooky in collaboration with singer Jad Fair of the band Half Japanese.[20]

In 1990, Johnston played at a music festival in Austin, Texas. On the way back to West Virginia on a private two-seater plane piloted by his father Bill, Johnston had a manic psychotic episode; believing he was Casper the Friendly Ghost, Johnston removed the key from the plane's ignition and threw it outside. His father, a former U.S. Air Force pilot, managed to successfully crash-land the plane, even though "there was nothing down there but trees". Although the plane was destroyed, Johnston and his father emerged with only minor injuries. As a result of this episode, Johnston was involuntarily committed to a mental hospital.[21]

Interest in Johnston increased when Kurt Cobain was frequently photographed wearing a T-shirt featuring the cover image of Johnston's album Hi, How Are You that music journalist Everett True had given to him.[13] Cobain listed Yip/Jump Music as one of his favorite albums in his journal, in 1993.[22]

Johnston's profile was further raised by Kathy McCarty's 1994 album Dead Dog's Eyeball: Songs of Daniel Johnston.[23][24] It contained 19 renditions of songs written by Johnston.[25] McCarty became aware of Johnston when he opened for her former band, Glass Eye, in 1985.[26] McCarty supported the album with a North American tour,[27] and also issued an EP of additional Johnston material, Sorry Entertainer in 1995.[28]

Despite Johnston's having been a resident in a mental hospital at the time, there was a bidding war to sign him. He refused to sign a multi-album deal with Elektra Records because Metallica was on the label's roster and he was convinced that they were Satanic and would hurt him,[19] also dropping his longtime manager, Jeff Tartakov, in the process.[29] Ultimately he signed with new manager Tom Gimbel who subsequently negotiated a deal with Atlantic Records in February 1994 and that September released Fun, produced by Paul Leary of Butthole Surfers.[30] President Danny Goldberg, who championed the signing of Johnston, left Atlantic. In June 1996, with Goldberg no longer making A&R decisions, Atlantic dropped Johnston from the label.[19]

an outline cartoon drawing of a smiling frog with eye stalks reminiscent of a snail
Johnston's "Hi, How Are You" mural in Austin, Texas.

In 1993, the Sound Exchange record store in Austin, Texas, commissioned Johnston to paint a mural of the Hi, How Are You? frog (also known as "Jeremiah the Innocent") from the album's cover.[31] After the record store closed in 2003, the building remained unoccupied until 2004 when the Mexican grill franchise Baja Fresh took ownership and decided that they would remove the wall that held the mural. A group of people who lived in the neighborhood convinced the managers and contractors to keep the mural intact.[32] In 2018, the building housed a Thai restaurant called "Thai, How Are You".[33] Thai, How Are You closed business permanently in January 2020.[citation needed] In April 2023 the building was razed, but the wall with the mural was left standing. The owner said that there were no current plans for development, but that the wall would be integrated into any future designs.[34]

2000s

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In 2004, Johnston released The Late Great Daniel Johnston: Discovered Covered, a two-disc compilation. The first disc featured covers of his songs by artists including Tom Waits, Beck, TV on the Radio, Jad Fair, Eels, Bright Eyes, Calvin Johnson, Death Cab for Cutie, Sparklehorse, Mercury Rev, The Flaming Lips and Starlight Mints, with the second disc featuring Johnston's original recordings of the songs.[35] In 2005, Texas-based theater company Infernal Bridegroom Productions received a Multi-Arts Production/MAP Fund grant to work with Johnston to create a rock opera based on his music, titled Speeding Motorcycle.[36]

Johnston in 2006

In 2006, Jeff Feuerzeig released a documentary about Johnston, The Devil and Daniel Johnston; the film, four years in the making, collated some of the vast amount of recorded material Johnston (and in some case, others) had produced over the years to portray his life and music.[37] The film won high praise, receiving the Director's Award at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival.[38] The film also inspired more interest in Johnston's work, and increased his prestige as a touring artist. In 2006, Johnston's label, Eternal Yip Eye Music, released his first greatest-hits compilation, Welcome to My World.[39]

Through the next few years Johnston toured extensively across the world, and continued to attract press attention. His artwork was shown in galleries such as in London's Aquarium Gallery, New York's Clementine Gallery and at the Liverpool Biennial in 2006 and 2008,[40] and in 2009, his work was exhibited at "The Museum of Love" at Verge Gallery in Sacramento, California.[41] In 2008, Dick Johnston, Johnston's brother and manager, revealed that "a movie deal based on the artist's life and music had been finalized with a tentative 2011 release."[42] He also said that a deal had been struck with the Converse company for a "signature series" Daniel Johnston shoe.[42] Later, it was revealed by Dick Johnston that Converse had dropped the plan.[43] In early 2008, a Jeremiah the Innocent collectible figurine was released in limited runs of four different colors.[44] Later in the year, Adjustable Productions released Johnston's first concert DVD, The Angel and Daniel Johnston – Live at the Union Chapel, featuring a 2007 appearance in Islington, London.[45]

Is and Always Was was released on October 6, 2009, on Eternal Yip Eye Music.[46] In 2009, it was announced that Matt Groening had chosen Johnston to perform at the edition of the All Tomorrow's Parties festival that he curated in May 2010, in Minehead, England.[47] Also that year, Dr. Fun Fun and Smashing Studios developed an iPhone platform game called Hi, How Are You. The game is similar to Frogger, but features Johnston's art and music. Johnston played it during its development and liked it, although he was not familiar with the iPhone.[48]

2010s

[edit]

On March 13, 2012, Johnston released his first comic book Space Ducks – An Infinite Comic Book of Musical Greatness[49] at SXSW, published by BOOM! Studios. The comic book ties-in with the Space Ducks album and an iOS app.[50] Johnston collaborated with skateboarding and clothing company Supreme on numerous collections (consisting of clothing and various accessories) showcasing his artwork.[51]

On March 1, 2012, Brooklyn-based photographer Jung Kim announced her photo book and traveling exhibition project with Johnston titled DANIEL JOHNSTON: here, a collaboration that began in 2008 when Kim first met Johnston and began photographing him on the road and at his home in Waller, Texas.[52] On March 13, 2013, this photography book was published, featuring five years of documentation on Johnston.[52] The opening exhibition at SXSW festival featured a special performance by Johnston along with tribute performances led by Jason Sebastian Russo formerly of Mercury Rev.[53][54] The second exhibition ran in May and June 2013 in London, England, and featured a special performance by Johnston along with tribute performances by the UK band Charlie Boyer and the Voyeurs with Steffan Halperin of the Klaxons.[3][55] On October 10, 2013, Jason Pierce of Spiritualized hosted the New York City opening of the exhibition, which included special tribute performances led by Pierce and Glen Hansard of The Swell Season and The Frames.[56][57]

In November 2015, Hi, How Are You Daniel Johnston?, a short documentary about Johnston's life, was released featuring Johnston as his 2015 self and Gabriel Sunday of Archie's Final Project as Johnston's 1983 self. The executive producers for the film included Lana Del Rey and Mac Miller.[58][59]

In July 2017, Johnston announced that he would be retiring from live performance and would embark on a final five-date tour that fall.[60] Each stop on the tour featured Johnston backed by a group that had been influenced by his music: The Preservation All-Stars in New Orleans, The Districts and Modern Baseball in Philadelphia, Jeff Tweedy in Chicago, with Built to Spill for the final two dates in Vancouver, B.C. and Seattle, WA.[60]

Death

[edit]

On September 11, 2019, Johnston was found dead from a suspected heart attack at his home in Waller, Texas. It is believed that he died overnight, a day after he had been released from the hospital for unspecified kidney problems.[61][62][63]

Daniel Johnston is buried at Magnolia Cemetery in Katy, Texas.[64][65]

Discography

[edit]
Main article: Daniel Johnston discography

Studio albums

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sweeting, Adam (September 12, 2019). "Daniel Johnston obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Dougan, John. "Daniel Johnston". AllMusic. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c "Daniel Johnston's Lo-Fi Life". DAZED Digital. May 24, 2013.
  4. ^ Grow, Kory (September 11, 2019). "Daniel Johnston, Cult Singer-Songwriter, Dead at 58". Rolling Stone.
  5. ^ Spin Staff (June 12, 2012). "Daniel Johnston and Supreme Join Forces for T-Shirt Line". Spin Magazine.
  6. ^ a b c D'Angelo, Mike (December 5, 2013). "Is Daniel Johnston a great musician or a victim of hipster exploitation?". The A.V. Club.
  7. ^ McNamee, David (August 10, 2009). "The myth of Daniel Johnston's genius". The Guardian.
  8. ^ Brook, Pete (March 2012). "PHOTOGRAPHER SHOWS A DIFFERENT SIDE OF DANIEL JOHNSTON". Wired.
  9. ^ a b "Spotlight: Daniel Johnston". Austinchronicle.com. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  10. ^ Hall, Michael (February 2005). "He's Daniel Johnston, And He Was Gonna Be Famous". Texas Monthly.
  11. ^ Starkey, Arun (September 11, 2021). "How Kurt Cobain launched the career of Daniel Johnston with a T-shirt". Far Out Magazine. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
  12. ^ Grow, Kory (September 11, 2019). "Daniel Johnston, Cult Singer-Songwriter, Dead at 58". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d Grow, Kory (September 11, 2019). "Daniel Johnston, Cult Singer-Songwriter, Dead at 58". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  14. ^ "Hi, How Are You? Daniel Johnston – Biography". hihowareyou.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  15. ^ "Daniel Johnson, cult singer-songwriter, dies age 58". New Zealand Herald. September 12, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  16. ^ Black, Louis (May 5, 2006). "Genius and Jive: My roller-coaster relationship with Daniel Johnston Austin Screens". Austin Chronicle. Austin, Texas: Austin Chronicle Corp. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  17. ^ Shank, Barry (1994). Dissonant Identities: The Rock'N'Roll Scene in Austin, Texas. Middleton, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. pp. 157–58. ISBN 978-0-8195-6276-0 – via Google Books.
  18. ^ "kramershimmy home". Kramershimmy.com. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  19. ^ a b c Blais-Billie, Braudie (September 11, 2019). "Daniel Johnston Dead at 58". Pitchfork. Chicago, Illinois: Pitchfork Media. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  20. ^ Schreiber, Ryan (June 19, 2001). "It's Spooky review". Pitchfork. Chicago, Illinois: Pitchfork Media. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  21. ^ O'Hagan, Sean (April 2, 2006). "Sean O'Hagan on Daniel Johnston". The Guardian. London, England. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
  22. ^ "Top 50 by Nirvana [MIXTAPE]". Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
  23. ^ McLeese, Don (August 25, 1994). "Having Fun Yet?". XL Ent. Austin American-Statesman. p. 5.
  24. ^ Chusid, Irwin (2000). Songs in the Key of Z: The Curious Universe of Outsider Music. Chicago Review Press. p. 70.
  25. ^ "Kathy McCarty Biography by Brett Hartenbach". AllMusic. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  26. ^ Cohen, Jason (October 1994). "Lonelysong". Texas Monthly. Vol. 22, no. 10. p. 66.
  27. ^ DeLuca, Dan (October 7, 1994). "K. McCarty". Features Weekend. The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 17.
  28. ^ Koster, Rick (2000). Texas Music. St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. 143.
  29. ^ Senft, Michael (August 11, 2006). "The Devil and Daniel Johnston". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona: Gannett. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
  30. ^ Robinson, John (August 20, 2005). "Personal demons". The Guardian. London, England. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
  31. ^ "Baja Fresh Hi How Are You frog mural". Rejectedunknown.com. January 6, 2004. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  32. ^ Solomon, Dan (November 10, 2010). "The People's Frog". The Texas Observer. Austin, Texas: Texas Democracy Foundation. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  33. ^ Hoffberger, Chase (August 28, 2013). "Landmark Daniel Johnston mural gets a touch-up". Austin Chronicle. Austin, Texas: Austin Chronicle Corp. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  34. ^ Gross, Joe (May 26, 2023). "Daniel, Kurt, and Jeremiah: Why 'Hi, How Are You' Matters". Austin Chronicle. Austin, Texas: Austin Chronicle Corp. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  35. ^ Moore, David (September 23, 2004). "Discovered, Covered:The Late, Great Daniel Johnston". Pitchfork. Chicago, Illinois: Pitchfork Media. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  36. ^ "Infernal Bridegroom Productions". MAP Fund. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  37. ^ Itzkoff, Dave (September 11, 2019). "Daniel, You're a Star: SPIN's 2006 Interview With Daniel Johnston's Documentarian". Spin. San Francisco, California: SpinMedia. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  38. ^ Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (September 11, 2019). "Daniel Johnston, cult US indie songwriter, dies aged 58". The Guardian. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  39. ^ Stutz, Colin (April 14, 2006). "The News and Daniel Johnston". Filter-Mag.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2006. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  40. ^ Ingvaldsen, Torsten (September 12, 2019). "Prodigious Indie Rock Musician & Artist Daniel Johnston Has Passed Away at 58". Hypebeast. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  41. ^ "Daniel Johnston, Museum of Love". yelp.com. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  42. ^ a b Powell, Austin (October 3, 2008). "Off the Record: Music News". The Austin Chronicle. Austin, Texas: Austin Chronicle Corp.
  43. ^ "Unreleased Daniel Johnston Converse All-Stars". MonsterFresh.com. June 17, 2009. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  44. ^ "Daniel Johnston's Frog Jeremiah: Now a Collector's Item". Rollingstone.com. June 25, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  45. ^ "The Angel And Daniel Johnston – Live at the Union Chapel". Prlog.org. October 30, 2008. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  46. ^ Abebe, Nitsuh (October 16, 2009). "Is and Always Was". Pitchfork. Chicago, Illinois: Pitchfork Media. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  47. ^ "ATP 2010: Curated By Matt Groening @ Butlin's Holiday Centre, Minehead, UK". Stereogum. May 10, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  48. ^ Kenny, Randy (September 28, 2009). "Work of Daniel Johnston, Texas Artist, Inspires Video Game". The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2009.
  49. ^ "Daniel Johnston". lambiek.net.
  50. ^ "Official Press Release for SPACE DUCKS". HiHowAreYou.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  51. ^ Pelly, Jenn (June 12, 2012). "Daniel Johnston Designs Shirts for Supreme". Pitchfork. Chicago, Illinois: Pitchfork Media. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
  52. ^ a b Hagi, Ella (May 24, 2013). "Daniel Johnston's lo-fi life". Dazed. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  53. ^ "Daniel Johnston "here" Book Release & Opening". The Austin Chronicle. Austin, Texas: Austin Chronicle Corp. March 13, 2013.
  54. ^ "Photographer Shows a Different Side of Daniel". Wired. New York City: Condé Nast. March 28, 2012.
  55. ^ "Daniel Johnston Secret Show". Protein UK. June 3, 2013. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
  56. ^ "Daniel Johnston Book Event". Brooklyn Vegan. October 10, 2013.
  57. ^ "Daniel Johnston NYC Pop Up". Getty. October 10, 2013.
  58. ^ "Hi How Are You Daniel Johnston". IMDB.com. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  59. ^ "Daniel Johnston Biopic, My Suicide Soundtrack, & More". TwentyFourBit. March 18, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  60. ^ a b Kim, Michelle (July 26, 2017). "Daniel Johnston Announces Final Tour". Pitchfork. Chicago, Illinois: Pitchfork Media. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
  61. ^ "Daniel Johnston, Austin singer-songwriting icon, has died at 58". CBS News. New York City: CBS Corporation. September 12, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  62. ^ Curtin, Kevin (September 11, 2019). "Austin Songwriting Genius Daniel Johnston Dead at 58". Austin Chronicle. Austin, Texas: Austin Chronicle Corp. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  63. ^ Sisario, Ben (September 11, 2019). "Daniel Johnston, Enigmatic Singer-Songwriter, Is Dead at 58". The New York Times. New York City. Archived from the original on September 12, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  64. ^ Blackstock, Peter. "Family, friends and fans remember Daniel Johnston at graveside service". Statesman.com. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  65. ^ "Funeral services for Austin artist Daniel Johnston set for this weekend". Kvue.com. September 13, 2019. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
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